She was blocked from participating in televised primary debates, and after taking legal action, was permitted to make just one speech. That year she married Arthur Hardwick Jr., a New York State legislator.ĭiscrimination followed Chisholm’s quest for the 1972 Democratic Party presidential nomination. She was a co-founder of the National Women's Political Caucus in 1971, and in 1977 became the first Black woman and second woman ever to serve on the powerful House Rules Committee. There, “Fighting Shirley” introduced more than 50 pieces of legislation and championed racial and gender equality, the plight of the poor, and ending the Vietnam War. After court-ordered redistricting created a new, heavily Democratic, district in her neighborhood, in 1968 Chisholm sought-and won-a seat in Congress. In 1964, Chisholm ran for and became the second African American in the New York State Legislature. Ever aware of racial and gender inequality, she joined local chapters of the League of Women Voters, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Urban League, as well as the Democratic Party club in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. By 1960, she was a consultant to the New York City Division of Day Care. She earned a master’s degree from Columbia University in early childhood education in 1951. Chisholm, a private investigator (they divorced in 1977). Initially, Chisholm worked as a nursery school teacher. Although professors encouraged her to consider a political career, she replied that she faced a “double handicap” as both Black and female. Hill, a seamstress from Barbados. She graduated from Brooklyn Girls’ High in 1942 and from Brooklyn College cum laude in 1946, where she won prizes on the debate team. Hill, a factory worker from Guyana, and Ruby Seale St.
House of Representatives.īorn in Brooklyn, New York, on November 30, 1924, Chisholm was the oldest of four daughters to immigrant parents Charles St. Her motto and title of her autobiography- Unbought and Unbossed-illustrates her outspoken advocacy for women and minorities during her seven terms in the U.S. Hill Chisholm was the first African American woman in Congress (1968) and the first woman and African American to seek the nomination for president of the United States from one of the two major political parties (1972).
#Fityk shirley background manual#
This manual page was written by Carlo Segre and updated by Marcin Wojdyr.
#Fityk shirley background full#
Use -help to see the full list of options.
The program comes in two versions: fityk, the GUI version and cfityk, the command line version.Ī user manual for fityk and cfityk can be found in /usr/share/doc/fityk/html/fityk-manual.html. width of peak can be an independent variable, can be the same as width of other peak or can be given by complicated - common for all peaks - formula. The main advantage of the program is a flexibility - parameters of peaks can be arbitrarily binded with each other, eg. It was developed for analyzing diffraction patterns, but can be also used in other fields, since concepts and operations specific for crystallography are separated from the rest of the program.įityk offers various nonlinear fitting methods, subtracting background, calibrating data, easy placement of peaks and changing peak parameters, automation of common tasks with scripts, and much more.
In other words, for nonlinear peak separation and analysis. This manpage documents briefly the fityk and cfityk programs for nonlinear fitting of analytical functions (especially peak-shaped) to data (usually experimental data). Non-linear curve fitting and data analysis SynopsisĬfityk.
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